As of Patch 3.1, the effects of Revitalize (simultaneously renamed from Replenish to avoid confusion with the Replenishment effect) will be able to proc from ticks of our 51-point group heal, Wild Growth. This substantially increases the effectiveness of the ability for a number of reasons:

• Wild Growth has seven ticks instead of the six of a talented Rejuvenation.
• These ticks occur every second instead of once every three seconds, making it less likely that they will go toward overheal and yielding a much higher rate of restoration.
• Wild Growth hits up to five targets at a time instead of one per spell cast.
• While justifying the use of Rejuvenation can sometimes be difficult, there are many cases where the use of Wild Growth makes sense.

In short, the returns go from looking rather shabby to looking OM-NOM-NOM-delectable. To update the values presented under the Rejuvenation discussion, we’ll look at the effects it can have on just one target, keeping in mind that it has the potential to hit five of assorted shapes and colors. We can use a modified 8.57 casts per target per minute (60/7-second duration) and 1.05 procs per cast (0.15 * 7) to arrive at an approximate average PPM of 9.0, three times that of Rejuvenation:

Mana cost per Wild Growth Cast = 643
Wild Growth Casts per Minute = 60 / 7 = 8.57
Avg. PPM per Target = 8.57 * 1.05 = 9.0
Mana Cost per Target per Minute = (643 * 8.57)/5 = 1102.102*

* Here I’ve divided the total cost by five targets to avoid overstating the mana cost per target.

We can then apply this new PPM value to our previous calculations by individual class:

Avg. Return per Minute _DK = 9 * 16 = 144 Runic Power/Minute
Avg. Return per Minute _Warrior = 9 * 4 = 36 Rage/Minute
Avg. Return per Minute _Rogue = 9 * 8 = 72 Energy/Minute

For mana users, the return is again based on total mana pool, using the higher PPM of 9 instead of 3.

Avg. Return per Minute _Paladin = 9 * 0.01 * MANA POOL

Keep in mind that the above returns are on a per mana-using target basis. Assuming you hit a group of well-geared spell casters with it, you could be looking at upwards of 600-700 MP5 for your raid, more than (indirectly) compensating you for the cost of casting the spell.

Summary

With such a potent regenerative tool in their arsenal, Restoration Druids may soon be counted among those players who can contribute significantly to the longevity (or throughput) of their raidmates (alongside Moonkin, Shamans of all flavors and Replenishment-providing Survival Hunters, Shadow Priests, and Retribution Paladins), and with the unique twist of restoring more than just mana. Such a change would go a long way toward accomplishing Blizzard’s stated intention to "offer [Replenishment] to additional classes, as well as make sure that existing sources of Replenishment are more equitable." And if you’re wondering if Blizzard would consider giving such a tool to a healing class, remember that Shamans provide Mana Tide Totem, and Paladins provide Blessing of Wisdom, each of which has the potential to overshadow Revitalize, given the number of targets they can effect and the relative ease with which they are maintained.

Dear Blizzard,

I promise not to (excessively) lord my Wild Growth over DPSers if you give it the same proc chance per tick as Rejuvenation.

All my love,
Phae

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Speculation: Revitalize and Wild Growth

You may recall this snippet from my previous article, Living Seed, Replenish, and Gift of the Earthmother:

Unlike other talents that affect casting speed, the reductions from spell haste and GotEM are additive; both values are calculated off a 1.5 second global cooldown and are not applied in any particular order. This means it actually scales better than it would otherwise and, contrary to popular belief, does not scale inversely with haste. Nonetheless, plan to drop one or more points out of this talent as your haste increases.

With the release of Patch 3.08, this is no longer the case. Gift of the Earthmother has been changed so that it’s applied the same way other self-hasting talents are, representing a considerable nerf to its effectiveness. As a point of reference, you now need 655 haste rating (19.98%) to reach the same 1.0 sec GCD you could formerly reach with only 505 haste rating, assuming 5/5 Gift of the Earthmother.

We can adapt the formula provided by Zoltair of Korialstrasz (US) via Elitist Jerks to solve for the amount of haste needed to reach a 1.0 sec GCD at different points in GotEM:

Haste from Gear = (1.5 * (1 – GotEM%) / ((1 + WoAT%) * (1 + Aura%) * (1 + CF%))) – 1

You can use the following JavaScript-driven calculator to determine the necessary haste rating to reach a 1.0 second GCD based on the number of points you have invested in Gift of the Earthmother (and how useful your raidmates are):

Thanks to readers Zoltiar and Trellan of Ravencrest for the heads up on this change and to Zoltair of Korialstrasz (US) for the math!

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Gift of the Nerfmother

Wrath of the Lich King included many changes to the Druid class, including some very positive changes to the Restoration and Balance trees. Talents such as Nature’s Focus and Improved Mark of the Wild were reduced from a cost of 5-points to 3 and 2 points respectively, and fun abilities such as Omen of Clarity, Nature’s Grace, and Nature’s Grasp were made a lot more accessible. In particular, I consider the 14 points in Balance for Genesis, Moonglow, Nature’s Majesty, Nature’s Grace, and Nature’s Splendor to be staples of the healing Druid’s specialization.

In addition to the obvious care and attention that was given to “pruning” our early talent trees, we were given 4 new abilities at the bottom of the Restoration tree to give us something to spend points on leading up to our 51-point talent, Wild Growth. Today, I’d like to take a look at three of these abilities: Living Seed, Revitalize, and Gift of the Earthmother.

Quick Links

• Living Seed
• Revitalize
• Gift of the Earthmother
• Summary

Living Seed

Living Seed gives critical heals a chance (100% at 3-points) to temporarily store 30% of the critical heal’s effective healing. This means that if your critical heal heals for 6000 hit points, the effect of the Living Seed would be 1800 HP. However, if of that 6000 HP, only 1000 was “effective” (non-overheal), the value of the Living Seed would only be 300 HP.

In practical terms, healers often choose their heals based on what will bring their target to full life. A tank whose health is maintained at 90-100% is much less susceptible to death-by-RNG than one allowed to fluctuate between 50 and 70%. This is especially true with the elimination of downranking, a practice whereby healers would often use lower ranked spells to conserve their own mana, deal more precisely with incoming damage, and guard against too many healers applying large heals to a target simultaneously. As a result, the direct heals that are typically applied now are heavy-hitters.

A Druid who focuses on Regrowth as her direct heal of choice will also employ the [Glyph of Regrowth], a glyph that increases the strength of the spell’s initial heal by 20% when used on a target who already has Regrowth. At an approximately 60% spell crit, Regrowth hits hard and crits often, proccing Living Seed more times than not. Even if used on a tank who suddenly finds himself low on health (likely giving the maximum value for the seed), this situation often leads to the tank being bombarded with large heals from other healers frantically trying to prevent a raid wipe. These healers cannot (and should not) depend on a Living Seed to keep the tank alive. However, it is worth considering that when is effective, it has the potential to be a life-saver.

From what I have read and experienced, it is not unreasonable to see the contribution of Living Seed at 1-3% of your total healing, with Regrowth users more likely to see the 3% value. A general rule of thumb is that 1 talent point yielding a 1% increase in effectiveness is a talent point well spent. At 3 points, this talent is worth taking for Regrowth casters, assuming it contributes 3% or more of effective healing. It is not recommended for those who focus on Nourish or glyphed Healing Touch who are considerably less likely to see such a contribution.

Revitalize

Formerly known as Replenish, Revitalize is a 3-point Restoration talent that has a chance (15% at 3 points) to restore Mana, Rage, Energy, or Runic Power with each tick of Rejuvenation. This includes ticks when the target is at full health. Untalented, Rejuvenation ticks 5 times, giving Revitalize an average of 0.75 procs per cast. With 1 point in the Balance talent Nature’s Splendor, Rejuvenation increases to 6 ticks, giving Revitalize an average of 0.9 procs per cast. Let’s look at the expected yield for Revitalize and Nature’s Splendor for each target:

Mana cost per Rejuvenation Cast = 446
Rejuvenation Casts per Target per Minute = 60 / 18 = 3.33
Avg. PPM per Target = 3.33 * 0.9 = 3
Mana Cost per Target per Minute = 446 * 3.33  = 1486.67

Death Knights

Avg. Return per Minute _DK = 3 * 16 = 48 Runic Power/Minute

One way to gauge the value of this return is to compare it to the 2-point Blood Talent, Butchery which reads “Whenever you kill an enemy that grants experience or honor, you generate up to 20 runic power. In addition, you generate 2 runic power per 5 sec while in combat.” The runic power regeneration portion is equivalent to 24 Runic Power per minute. By chaining Rejuvenation on a DK tank, you’re tripling the automatic Runic Power regeneration he would normally see with this talent (though perhaps more value is attributed to the RP from kills mechanic).

According to Krythia of Scarlet Crusade (US):

Revitalize does very little for a Death Knight. Ones that are tank spec usually take the talents and use a rotation that gives them enough RP to do what they need. Beyond that, I still find myself generating plenty of RP to do what I need. In the next patch, I will need even less RP as an Unholy specced Death Knight as Unholy Blight, an ability I only use once every 20 seconds, is getting its RP cost reduced by 20.

For a Frost specced Death Knight, it is much more valuable. Frost strike is a great aggro ability for them and it costs 40 RP. The attack cannot be dodged, parried, or blocked. I noticed that when I played as Frost spec that I would become RP starved from time to time.

It is useless on a Blood spec DK as they have no abilites that are necessary for them to succeed that use RP. That, and they have a chance at casting Death Coil (40 RP cost) for free anyway.

Warriors and Bears

Avg. Return per Minute _Warrior = 3 * 4 = 12 Rage/Minute

Similar to what we looked at for DKs, we can compare this return to the Arms talent, Anger Management which “Generates 1 rage per 3 seconds.” This works out to 20 Rage per minute which is nearly double the return from Revitalize. Warriors and Bears also aren’t generally rage-starved on encounters, making the contribution from Revitalize both negligible and superfluous.

Paladins and other Mana Users

The calculation for Paladins (and other mana users, including ourselves) is a little more complicated since it’s based upon total mana pool. Using the formula above, we can create a graph of average MP5 return by cost based on recipient’s total mana.

Avg. Return per Minute _Paladin = 3 * 0.01 * MANA POOL

It is worth noting that Protection Paladin-appropriate gear does not typically include Intellect, so the average Prot-Paladin will have a very small mana pool, somewhere between 5 and 6k from my observation. This means that a constant stream of Rejuvenation with Revitalize is worth between 12 and 12.5 MP5. To contrast, the Paladin trained ability Blessing of Wisdom is worth 91 MP5. At 446 mana to cast, it would cost a Druid It currently costs a Druid 124 MP5 to maintain Rejuvenation in this fashion. Your target would need a mana pool of nearly 50k to make this a positive transfer of mana (the talent is obviously not intended to be used this way).

However, there is another, better way to look at the practical application of this talent for mana users. With its mana return, it can be seen to be reducing the mana cost of Rejuvenation, albeit retroactively. If 90% of the time, Revitalize procs from Rejuvenation and the target has a mana pool of 15,000, it will restore 150 mana or 135 mana on average. You only get the benefit when casting the spell on yourself, otherwise you’re passing the savings onto the spell’s recipient. This mana refund can be seen as modifying the HPM of the spell. Assuming full talents, a 15k mana pool, and 1500 spell power:

Rejuvenation @ 1500 Spell Power

Coefficient per Tick = 0.647
Untalented Number of Ticks = 15 / 3 = 5
Number of Ticks = Number of Ticks + 1 = 6

Untalented Base Healed = 1690 HP
Base Healed = Untalented Base Healed * (Gift of Nature + Genesis) * Tree of Life * Master Shapeshifter = 1690 * (1.05 + 1.10) * 1.06 * 1.04 = 2463.89 HP
Base Healed per Tick = Base Healed / # Ticks = 2463.89 / 5 = 492.78 HP/tick
HP/tick from Spell Power = Spell Power * Coefficient per Tick = 1500 * 0.647 = 970.5  HP/tick
Total Healing per Tick = Base Healed per Tick + HP/Tick from Spell Power = 492.78 + 970.5 = 1463.28 HP/tick

HPS = Total Healed per Tick / # seconds in one tick = 1463.28 / 3 = 487.76
HPM = Total Healing per Tick * Total Ticks / Mana Cost = 1463.28 * 6 / 446 = 19.69
HPM with Revitalize = Total Healed per Tick * Total Ticks / (Mana Cost – Proc Chance _Revitalize * 0.01 * 15000) = 26.52
% Increase in HPM = (26.33 – 19.69) / 19.69 = 34.7%

This works out to a 34.7% increase in the HPM of Rejuvenation when cast at 1500 spell power and on someone with a mana pool of 15k. Revitalize makes Rejuvenation insanely efficient when you think of it as passing on your mana savings to the recipient and makes it a wonderful self heal. In fact, my next analytical article will evaluate the use of Rejuvenation as an alternative to other methods of raid healing.

Rogues and Feral Druids

While tanks are the most likely beneficiaries of Rejuvenation – and therefore Revitalize – the restorative effect also includes Energy. This means that Rogues and Feral Druids in Cat Form can also benefit. We’ll calculate the potential value of this effect for a single Rejuvenation effect since they aren’t likely to be chained on DPS:

Avg. Return per Cast _Rogue = (0.9 * = 7.2 Energy per Cast

Rogues and Cats naturally regenerate Energy at a rate of 10/second or 600/minute. The 7.2 Energy every 18 seconds from Revitalize works out to 24 Energy per minute. This is a 4% increase over the natural regeneration that a Rogue normally experiences. Increasing Energy regeneration should approximately represent the same % increase in damage from yellow attacks. Druids tend to have a larger percent of total damage from yellow attacks than do Rogues, so this is slightly more beneficial to them. And all Trees know that every time you heal a Rogue, a kitten dies so heal Feral Druids first!

Gift of the Earthmother

Gift of the Earthmother is a five-point talent that reduces the global cooldown of Rejuvenation, Lifebloom, and Wild Growth by a certain percentage. It can be difficult to place a value on this talent since its contribution directly depends on the number of times you typically cast the relevant spells each minute. If, for instance, you cast nothing but Rejuvenation and Lifebloom and assuming 0 spell haste, it would represent a 20% increase in throughput (though not necessarily effective healing since this much healing could be unnecessary). Obviously, this is an unrealistic and unsustainable situation. A more accurate estimate would be to assume that the Druid will maintain two Lifebloom stacks, two instances of Rejuvenation, and will cast Wild Growth every so many seconds. In this case, I’m going to assume a Wild Growth cast every 10 seconds:

Total Lifebloom Casts = 2 * (60 / 9) = 13.33
Total Rejuvenation Casts = 2 * (60 / 18) = 6.67
Total Wild Growth Casts = 60 / 10 = 6
Total GotEM Applications = 13.33 + 6.67 + 6 = 26
Healing Throughput Increase = (26 * 0.3)/60 = 13%

Obviously, this is a very rough estimate based on some pretty arbitrary assumptions. If you use Rejuvenation more often as a raid heal (or cast Wild Growth more often), you will place a higher value on this talent.

Haste and Gift of the Earthmother

Unlike other talents that affect casting speed, the reductions from spell haste and GotEM are additive; both values are calculated off a 1.5 second global cooldown and are not applied in any particular order. This means it actually scales better than it would otherwise and, contrary to popular belief, does not scale inversely with haste. Nonetheless, plan to drop one or more points out of this talent as your haste increases.

Updated with Patch 3.08: The global cooldown reduction of Gift of the Earthmother is now percentage-based. This represents a significant nerf to its effectiveness. We can adapt the formula provided by Zoltair of Korialstrasz (US) via Elitist Jerks to solve for the amount of haste needed to reach a 1.0 sec GCD at different points in GotEM:

Haste from Gear = (1.5 * (1 – GotEM%) / ((1 + WoAT%) * (1 + Aura%) * (1 + CF%))) – 1

You can use the following JavaScript-driven calculator to determine the necessary haste rating to reach a 1.0 second GCD based on the number of points you have invested in Gift of the Earthmother (and how useful your raidmates are):

At level 80, 32.79 haste rating is equivalent to 1% haste. With 5/5 Gift of the Earthmother, you’ll need 20% haste or 655 haste rating to obtain a 1 second global cooldown.

Summary

I hope that the above looks into these three somewhat ephemeral talents has helped you evaluate the potential value they present to your playstyle. Unlike many of our simpler talents, so much of their value depends on how you heal. Nonetheless, here are a few summarized bits of advice:

Living Seed should really only be taken in conjunction with Improved Regrowth in a build that emphasizes Regrowth as the direct heal of choice. All other direct heals do not have the potential to “proc” this ability due to their considerably lower crit rates. In a Regrowth build, you should expect to see approximately 3% of your effective healing to come from this ability. If you do not, consider moving those points elsewhere.

Revitalize is bad for Paladin, Warrior, and Bear Tanks and good for mana users with sizeable mana pools. Its value is questionable to Death Knights with the possible exception of those who are Frost-specced. Its benefits would be decent for Rogues and Cats, but damage isn’t often such that Rejuvenation would need to be chain cast on either of them. Should you take this talent, it should always be in conjunction with the [Glyph of Swiftmend] since a Swiftmended Rejuvenation cannot proc Revitalize. This talent is most useful in 5-man and 10-man instances where you can more often afford to group heal using Rejuvenation with less risk of your HoT being overwritten by a direct heal from another healer. A Druid with this talent should heal herself using Rejuvenation whenever it is safe to do so since it is an incredibly efficient (high HPM) spell once you factor in the potential mana return.

Because Gift of the Earthmother affects the global cooldown of Lifebloom, Rejuvenation, and Wild Growth, you will derive greater benefit from it the more you use any of these spells. Some have asserted that GotEM is losing 1/3 of its effectiveness with the impending addition of a 6-second cooldown to Wild Growth. Assuming, however, that Blizzard allows Nourish to gain it’s 20% throughput bonus from Wild Growth’s HoT and makes the spell more competitive with Regrowth, GotEM’s reduction of the Wild Growth GCD will continue to be valuable. Once you have around 750 haste rating, plan to drop a point in Gift of the Earthmother.

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Living Seed, Replenish, and Gift of the Earthmother

• Regrowth without the [Glyph of Regrowth] used as a raid heal and cast on a target without Regrowth
• Regrowth with the [Glyph of Regrowth] used as a tank heal and cast on a target with Regrowth already
• Nourish used as a raid heal and cast on a target without Rejuvenation, Regrowth, or Lifebloom
• Nourish used as a tank heal and cast on a target with Rejuvenation, Regrowth, or Lifebloom
• Nourish used as a tank heal and cast on a target with Rejuvenation, Regrowth, AND Lifebloom with the 4-piece T7 set bonus
• Healing Touch
• Healing Touch with the [Glyph of Healing Touch]

Since our goal is to compare the maximized version of each of these spells, we’re going to assume the following talents have been taken:

• Regrowth: Improved Regrowth, Empowered Rejuvenation, Moonglow 
• Nourish: Tranquil Spirit, Moonglow 
• Healing Touch: Naturalist, Empowered Touch, Tranquil Spirit, Moonglow 

All spells will be assumed to have been cast in Tree of Life form, and all benefit from Gift of Nature and Master Shapeshifter.

Quick Links

Because I think most readers are most interested in the results, I’m going to include them at the top of the article. Feel free to check out the bottom of the article for the methods used.

• HPS Comparison
• HPM Comparison
• Significant Observations
• Method: HPS
• Method: HPM
• Method: Spell Power Coefficients
• Method: Average Amount Healed
• Final Notes

HPS Comparison

HPS is a measure of throughput. A spell with a high throughput is preferred in a situation where a target takes sudden, unexpected bursts of damage. These spells are typically more expensive and require a focus on mana regeneration to sustain. At values of spell power ranging from 1000 to 3000 and with a base spell crit chance of 10%, we can create the following HPS comparisons:

HPM Comparison

HPM is a measure of efficiency. A spell with a high efficiency is preferred in a situation where one or more targets take steady, predictable damage for long periods of time. These spells are typically less expensive and often benefit from increased HPS from adding spell power. At values of spell power ranging from 1000 to 3000 and with a base spell crit chance of 10%, we can create the following HP1%M comparisons:

Significant Observations

1. Unglyphed Healing Touch is graphed in gray because I consider it too slow by default to leverage effectively. There is a possible build which would stack tremendous amounts of haste and use unglyphed Healing Touch exclusively. At 819.75 spell haste rating and Naturalist, the casting time of Healing Touch would reach 2.0 seconds, the same as an unhasted Regrowth. If you could achieve this much spell haste, the stat point equivalent is around 975 spell power, a considerable sacrifice that would cripple our other spells. But at 1500 spell power and 820 spell haste, unglyphed Healing Touch is substantially more efficient and effective than Regrowth as a raid heal while matching its HPS as a tank heal and only slightly underperforming its HPM as a tank heal. Unfortunately, the loss of a remotely effective HoT stack likely makes this strategy unviable. Is this the strategy we can expect to pursue at T10/11? I hope not. If I wanted to play a Paladin, I would wear more pink. Still, it would be interesting to see if this type of build becomes more viable as we travel along the gear curve.
2. Nourish is an efficient (high HPM) heal when cast on a target who current has one or more our HoTs. It is however, considerably less effective (low HPS) than Regrowth and requires an investment in 5/5 Tranquil Spirit to reach the aforementioned level of efficiency, a seldom-taken talent that benefits only Nourish and Healing Touch.It is tremendously boosted by the acquisition of the 4-piece T7 set bonus where it suddenly becomes the most efficient choice for a tank heal (highest HPM), assuming you keep at least 3 HoTs on the target. Unfortunately, this set bonus may make graduating from T7 more difficult than it should be.

   With the release of Patch 3.08, Nourish now benefits from the presence of Wild Growth, making it a viable tactic to supplement the healing from Wild Growth with strategic casts of Nourish.

3. Glyphed Healing Touch has the highest throughput of any of these spells when used as a raid heal (and is correspondingly inefficient). It’s a great choice for dealing with a surprise spike of damage on a non-tank since it doesn’t require any HoTs to preset up. However, this tool comes at the expense of a 3-minute Nature’s Swiftness + Healing Touch. Any Druid who glyphs Healing Touch will want to create a macro that ties Nature’s Swiftness to Regrowth and Swiftmend. Such a macro would look like this:
   

   #showtooltip
   
   /cast Nature’s Swiftness

   /castsequence reset=target Regrowth, Swiftmend

4. To modify this to account for mouseover healing:

   #showtooltip
   
   /cast Nature’s Swiftness

   /castsequence reset=27 [target=mouseover,exists,help][target=target,help][target=player]Regrowth, [target=mouseover,exists,help][target=target,help][target=player]Swiftmend

5. Regrowth seems to be the Renaissance Man of direct heals with good HPS and competitive HPM. This is in addition to its 21-27 second heal over time that allows for a Swiftmend. This will likely continue to be my “go to” direct heal of choice, a selection that will encourage me to eschew spell crit and not completely thumb my tree nose at spell haste.
6. In terms of tank heals, Regrowth has the highest throughput and is the best choice to “catch up” when things go awry. It’s HPM is also fantastic, only trumped by that of a Nourish with 4-piece T7.
7. The burst healing of a glyphed Healing Touch with less than a 1-second cast time will likely go a long way to overcome the difficulties that Death Knights present Restoration Druids in Arena. We’ve been spoiled by heals without casting times in the past, but we may have to put down roots at some point.
8. There was a point in TBC where we had more mana than we could spend – you might remember me encouraging the increased use of Regrowth. Should that point be reachable in Wrath, glyphed Healing Touch spam will have all Paladins speccing Ret (and likely two-shotting us in revenge).

The strong performance by Regrowth is unsurprising given the number of talents with which it has synergy. At the same time, Nourish is quite underwhelming because it benefits from so few of our talents. I suspect it was intended as a tool for Balance and Feral Druids since the difference between a Resto Druid’s Nourish and a non-Resto Druid’s Nourish is minimal.

Method: Spell Power Coefficients

HPM/HPS analyses performed at increasing levels of spell power rely upon the spell power coefficient for each spell and condition. Credit for several of these calculations goes to Ridley of Grim Batol (EU) on his Restoration Itemization post at Elitist Jerks:

Coefficient _Regrowth = Base Coefficient * Gift of Nature * Empowered Rejuvenation * Tree of Life Aura * Master Shapeshifter

= 0.537 * 1.1 * 1.2 * 1.06 * 1.04 = 0.781

Coefficient _{Regrowth w/Glyph} = Base Coefficient * Gift of Nature * Empowered Rejuvenation * Tree of Life Aura * Master Shapeshifter * Glyph of Regrowth

= 0.537 * 1.1 * 1.2 * 1.06 * 1.04 * 1.2 = 0.938

Coefficient _Nourish = Base Coefficient * Gift of Nature * Tree of Life Aura * Master Shapeshifter

= 0.671 * 1.1 * 1.06 * 1.04 = 0.814

Coefficient _{Nourish w/HoT} = Base Coefficient * Gift of Nature * Tree of Life Aura * Master Shapeshifter * 20% HoT Bonus

= 0.671 * 1.1 * 1.06 * 1.04 * 1.2 = 0.976

Coefficient _{Healing Touch} = (Base Coefficient + Empowered Touch) * Gift of Nature  * Tree of Life Aura * Master Shapeshifter

= (1.611 + 0.4) * 1.1 * 1.06 * 1.4 * 1.04 = 2.439

Coefficient _{Healing Touch w/Glyph} = ((Base Coefficient + Empowered Touch) * Glyph Multiplier) * Gift of Nature  * Tree of Life Aura * Master Shapeshifter

= ((1.611 + 0.4) * 0.563) * 1.1 * 1.06 * 1.4 * 1.04 = 1.374

In addition to the spell power coefficients for each of these spells, we need to know the base amount healed. With the exception of Healing Touch and Glyphed Healing Touch, these numbers are calculated as follows. The values for Healing Touch and Glyphed Healing Touch are based upon testing:

Base Healed _Regrowth = (2494 + 2234) / 2 * 1.1 * 1.06 * 1.04 = 2866.68

Base Healed _{Regrowth w/Glyph} = (2494 + 2234) / 2 * 1.1 * 1.06 * 1.04 * 1.2 = 3440.02

Base Healed _Nourish = (2187 + 1883) / 2 * 1.1 * 1.06 * 1.04 = 2467.72

Base Healed _{Nourish w/HoT} = (2187 + 1883) / 2 * 1.1 * 1.06 * 1.04 * 1.2 = 2961.27

Base Healed _HT = 5021

Base Healed _{HT w/Glyph} = 2676.74

To summarize these results:

Method: Average Amount Healed

We can use the Base Amount Healed to determine the average amount healed at different levels of spell power and spell crit.

Avg Healed = (Coefficient * Spell Power + Base Healed) * (1 + Crit Chance * 0.5)

For our Regrowth build, we’ll want to factor in the value of Improved Regrowth which adds another 50% to your chance to crit. Therefore, our average healed formula for Regrowth will look like this:

Avg Healed _Regrowth = (Coefficient * Spell Power + Base Healed) * (1 + (0.5 + Crit Chance) * 0.5)

Nourish and Healing Touch aren’t affected by Improved Regrowth. Their formula for average healed will look like this:

Avg Healed _{Nourish, HT} = (Coefficient * Spell Power + Base Healed) * (1 + Crit Chance * 0.5)

Avg Healed _{Nourish w/4-piece T7} = (Coefficient * Spell Power + Base Healed) * (1 + Crit Chance * 0.5) * 1.15

Living Seed is a difficult talent to factor into this analysis due to its high variance (30% of effective healing done by a spell crit that may possibly have gone to overhealing). WoWHead poster Foobear stated that a predominantly Regrowth-based fight yielded approximately 3% of effective healing done by Living Seed. If Living Seed were to hit for the full value every time, it would increase your extra healing on a spell crit from 0.5 to 0.95 (1.5 * 1.3). At a 60% crit rate, the average healing from factoring in crit would be 157% of the amount healed without crit (versus 130% without Living Seed). If Living Seed were getting its full value, it would account for 17% of effective healing. However, since it’s only doing 3%, we can estimate that Living Seed is only getting about 1/6 of its stated value. So instead of Living Seed giving a 0.45 bonus to crit, we’ll treat it as if it were giving a bonus of 0.08. This modifies our formulas as follows:

Avg Healed _Regrowth = (Coefficient * Spell Power + Base Healed) * (1 + (0.5 + Crit Chance) * (0.5 + 0.08) * 1.1)

Avg Healed _{Healing Touch, Nourish} = (Coefficient * Spell Power + Base Healed) * (1 + Crit Chance * (0.5 + 0.08) * 1.1)

Avg Healed _{Nourish w/4-piece T7} = (Coefficient * Spell Power + Base Healed) * (1 + Crit Chance * (0.5 + 0.08) * 1.1) * 1.15

Method: HPS

The formula for finding the HPS of a spell is simply:

HPS = Amount Healed / Cast Time

The “Amount Healed” value can be found using the formulas for Average Amount Healed and will change based on our spell power and spell crit values. At 0 spell haste, the cast time for Nourish is 1.5. The cast time for Healing Touch is 3.0 with Naturalist. The cast time for Healing Touch with the [Glyph of Healing Touch] and Naturalist is 1.0. However, the time to heal for all spells becomes more complicated with the introduction of Nature’s Grace:

Time to Cast = % NG Proc * (Cast Time – 0.5) + (1 – %NG Proc) * Cast Time

The % NG Proc above is based off your spell crit and, for our initial analysis, will be assumed to be 60% for Regrowth and 10% for other spells.

Method: HPM

The formula for finding the HPM of a spell is simply:

HPM = Amount Healed / Cost

With the change where all spell ranks will cost the same percentage of base mana, the cost to heal can be expressed as amount healed per 1% base mana or HP1%M. The base mana costs for the spell we’re looking at can be determined as follows:

Base Cost _Regrowth = Base Mana Cost * Moonglow * ToL

= 0.29 * (1 – 0.09) * (1 – 0.2) = 0.211

Base Cost _Nourish = Base Mana Cost * Tranquil Spirit * Moonglow

= 0.18 * (1 – 0.1) * (1 – 0.09) = 0.147

Base Cost _HT = Base Mana Cost * Tranquil Spirit * Moonglow

= 0.33 * (1 – 0.1) * (1 – 0.09) = 0.270

Base Cost _{HT w/Glyph} = Base Mana Cost * Tranquil Spirit * Moonglow * Glyph

= 0.33 * (1 – 0.1) * (1 – 0.09) * (1 – 0.25) = 0.203

Final Notes

A future addendum to this article will be to determine how each of these spells benefit from spell haste and spell crit.

Thanks to Ridley of Grim Batol (EU) for determining and sharing his findings on spell power coefficients and to Mr. Phae for all his mathematical and analytical assistance.

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Direct Healing in Wrath

Converting +Healing to Spell Power

Balance Druids should see a direct translation of their spell damage into spell power at a 1:1 ratio. (This doesn’t account for the loss of spell power due to the reduction being made to Lunar Guidance, however.) Restoration Druids – or anyone wearing their healing kit – can expect to see their +Healing converted to Spell Power in the following manner:

Spell Power = +Healing * 0.532

In other words, players can expect to see a 46.8% reduction in their +Healing when converting to Spell Power. Note that this change will not affect your effective healing as spell coefficients are being adjusted to account for this reduction (more on this below). 0.532 was derived by comparing the ten staves with the highest +Healing values available in TBC:

At the same time, you can expect to see your Bonus Spell Damage (in the form of spell power) increased by approximately 60%. This increase in fire power – or Arcane/Nature power, as the case may be – should make leveling in your Resto-kit a lot more viable than it would have been otherwise.

Adjusting Coefficients

While it was Blizzard’s intention to streamline spellcaster gear by having DPS and Healer casters use the same items, it wasn’t their intention to nerf the effectiveness of our spells. Therefore, the +Healing coefficients for Healing spells pre-WotLK will be increased to compensate for the reduction of +Healing. In order to keep the effective amount healed for a given spell the same, we’d expect the original coefficients to be multiplied by 1/0.532 or 1.88. To verify this, I returned to Outlands on the Beta server (no small feat for someone bound in Borean Tundra) and did some coefficient testing for the HoT portion of Rejuvenation and Regrowth. In both cases, using the same gear and same level of +Healing, each spell ticked for the same amount on beta and live (there was a very small difference in a few HoT ticks, but that is no doubt due to rounding issues).

Note: At some point, I hope to publish some revised spell power coefficients for Wrath, but haven’t had the time to perform data collection, yet.

Talent Implications

In Wrath of the Lich King, the Spell Power afforded by Lunar Guidance will be reduced from 25% to 12%. This is a reduction of 52% which is, not coincidentally, about the same percent reduction being applied to +Healing. I believe this talent was reduced in effectiveness to avoid making it too desirable to Healers (as it otherwise would have afforded more than twice the benefit that it did in TBC). This had the unfortunate side effect of harming Balance Druids in the process, however. I suspect that the relocation of both Nature’s Grace and Moonglow to much higher in the Balance tree was similarly meant to discourage Restoration Druid’s from dipping so deeply into Balance. Blizzard probably didn’t want to repeat the perceived mistake of making a hybrid build like the Dreamstate healer even close to as viable as a deeply Restoration-specced Druid.

At first glance, it might appear that the effectiveness of Empowered Touch is being doubled from its previous value of 20% to its post-Wrath value of 40%:

However, the wording of the bonus afforded by Empowered Touch is significant. Note that its description reads, “gains an additional X% of your bonus healing effects.” This means that the bonus is applied additively (X + 0.2). This is in comparison to the bonus from Empowered Rejuvenation whose description reads, “The bonus healing effects of your healing over time spells is increased by 20%.” From its description, we can tell that Empowered Rejuvenation’s bonus is applied multiplicatively (X * 1.2) and will, therefore, automatically scale with the conversion to spell power. With the change to spell power cutting +Healing almost in half, the HT spell power coefficient had to be increased to compensate. The increase to 0.4 is actually a slight buff over the value of 0.38 that would have been necessary for Empowered Touch to maintain its effectiveness.

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Spell Power, +Healing, and Coefficients

As briefly mentioned and discussed in my previous post, Blue: Changes to Buffs and Debuffs, a significant change is being made to the way that Tree of Life aura will function in Wrath of the Lich King. It will no longer afford benefit based on the Druid’s total Spirit but instead will function in the same was as a Paladin’s Improved Devotion Aura, providing a flat 3% increased healing to the raid. Although it was stated that the values listed were considered maximally-talented, it remains unclear whether 3/3 Improved Tree of Life will be required to meet the 3% bonus or whether it will afford an additional .45% bonus. Either way, this change will affect all spells based on their +Healing coefficient (or their corresponding spell power coefficients).

The TBC Tree of Life aura was a flat +Healing bonus that scaled with Spirit. It’s value decreased as +Healing increased, assuming Spirit stayed constant. Assuming they increased at the same rate, the value stayed the same. The WotLK aura is a multiplicative bonus that will instead scale with +Healing.

To help better explain the significance of this change, let’s consider two spells called DirectHealage and Hawtness. At your current +healing, DirectHealage derives 25% of its total amount healed from +Healing while Hawtness derives 75%. If you were to boost your +Healing by 8%, DirectHealage would get a 25%*8% = 2% total boost. Hawtness, on the other hand, would get a 75%*8%=6% total boost. With the new aura, both spells would simply get 3%.

This means that spells with high coefficients (Lifebloom, Chain Heal) will be nerfed by this change while spells with lower coefficients (Nourish, Regrowth) will be buffed. We can use the following formula to determine how much Spirit would be required under the current Tree of Life aura  (25% of Spirit converted to +Healing) to match the new aura’s bonus:

Spirit = 4 *(((+Healing * +Healing coefficient) + base healed) * aura bonus) / +Healing coefficient

By applying this formula to the 3% and possibly 3.45% auras and using numbers previously determined in Direct Heals in Wrath, we can graph these values of Spirit at increasing values of +Healing.

Assuming you have somewhere in the neighborhood of 600 Spirit and 2000 +Healing at the conclusion of TBC, this change represents a nerf to triple-stacked Lifebloom and Chain Heal – two spells with the highest +Healing coefficients – and a buff to both Nourish and Regrowth. Although the base amount healed is also a determining factor, you can generally expect heals with higher coefficients to have been reduced in effectiveness by this change while those with lower coefficients to have been increased.

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ToL Aura Change Buffs Some Spells, Nerfs Others

As you can see, Omen of Clarity will now equally benefit Druids of all specs who opt to drop a point into it. It’s so good, in fact, that I suspect it will become a core ability to all three specs. Interestingly, they’re doubling the proc rate from 3% to 6% but simultaneously adding a 10 second internal cooldown. As long as your casting frequency is greater than 1/sec, this is at minimum a 0.75% increase in proc frequency.

Expected Proc Rate

We know that the formula for the proc rate of something with an internal cooldown can be expressed as:

PPM = 60 / ((casting frequency/proc rate) + internal cooldown)

Applying this to the new values for Omen of Clarity, our formula will look like this:

PPM = 60 / ((casting frequency/0.06) + 10)

Applying this formula across a wide range of reasonable cast speeds, we find the following PPM:

* A cast speed of 1.0 is only possible while chain-casting Lifebloom with 5/5 Gift of the Earthmother and 0 latency. It’s really just included to make the table look pretty.

MP5 Value

As we would expect, Omen of Clarity will proc fewer times per minute as we cast fewer spells that can cause it to proc. Logically, it makes sense to use these “free” spell casts on one of our most expensive spells. Although Healing Touch (Rank 15) costs 1400 Mana, a more convenient and useful choice will probably be Flourish:

At 1125 mana and a seven 7 duration, Flourish appears tailor-made to fit into our Lifebloom rotation. If we assume it’s used while in Tree of Life (and there will be virtually no reason not to use Tree of Life anymore), it costs 900 mana. We can use this number to determine the average MP5 value of Omen of Clarity using the following formula:

MP5 = (PPM * Mana Cost) / 12

If you were to cast a Flourish every time Omen of Clarity procs, OOC would be worth the following MP5:

If, however, instead of using a Flourish (which may not always make sense given the dynamics of an encounter) and instead substituted a Rank 15 Healing Touch, the MP5 values would look like this:

Obviously, what you use will depend on your circumstances (and sometimes you won’t be able to allow it to disrupt your Lifebloom rotation), but I wanted to show just how much potential Omen of Clarity has just in case some Restos weren’t sure how good it is.

Additional Notes

Druids aren’t the only class to have some form of clearcasting. Shamans, Mages, and Priests do, as well. However, the frequent use of instant-cast spells like Rejuvenation and Lifebloom make clearcasting even more desirable for Druids. Clearcasting procs are determined server side, so it can take more than half a second to find out that your next spell will be free once you’re spell has finished casting. If you were casting a spell with cast time, it’s usually not worth it to cancel and cast another spell that costs more mana instead.  If, however, you’ve cast an insta-cast spell that procs Omen of Clarity, you’ll probably notice the proc while waiting for the global cooldown to expire. Gift of the Earthmother, a 5-point talent that reduces the GCD associated with Lifebloom and Rejuvenation to 1.0 seconds, will make these procs more difficult to catch and adjust to, but it should still be possible, especially since there’s an audible sound when OOC procs.

Finally, it’s worth noting that since casing a spell under clearcasting doesn’t use mana, it also doesn’t contribute towards keeping you inside the 5SR. Druids already spend most of their time inside the 5SR, so it’s less significant for us, but consider a situation wherein a Lifebloom cast procs clearcasting, and you switch to casting a spell with a casting time (ex. Healing Touch, Nourish, or Regrowth). Casting that spell won’t put you back inside the 5SR. If you then cast another non-instant spell, you wouldn’t return to the 5SR until after it completes, giving you a 50-75% chance of getting a tick of mana regeneration outside of the 5SR, depending on spell haste, latency, and spell selection. Obviously, encounters where this is plausible will probably be uncommon, but it could be useful in 5-man instances where you generally only have to maintain a triple-stack of Lifebloom on one person.

Omen of Clarity as a non-Restoration Druid

So that’s the good news regarding the changes to Omen of Clarity. The bad news? Unfortunately, it’s still not 100% accessible to Balance Druids; they’ll almost certainly have to spend a couple of “dump” points if they want to get down to the third tier where it resides: 2/2 Improved Mark of the Wild and 3/3 Nature’s Focus (Tier 1), 3/3 Natural Shapeshifter and either 2 points in healing threat reduction via Subtlety or 0.2 seconds off the cast time of Healing Touch via Naturalist.

Luckily, Feral Druids still benefit from 5/5 Furor (Tier 1) and 5/5 Naturalist as well as 3/3 Master Shapeshifter (Tier 2) , making Omen of Clarity an easily-acquired addition to their Restoration investment.

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Omen of Clarity

I’m glad to see that our readers are still as intelligent as ever. Warscreamer of Moonglade (EU) sent in this damning examination of Ferocious Bite and I have to say… WTF, over? Tell us this isn’t right, that we missed something. Warscreamer would be thrilled to be wrong.  He’s given us permission to disclose the contents of the message he sent us.  Check it out and be sure to leave a comment.

Do you remember when I was soooooooo happy that Ferocious Bite would be scaling with current AP? Okay, so check this out:

Ferocious Bite Rank 8 35 Energy 5 yd range Instant Requires Cat Form Finishing move that causes damage per combo point and converts each extra point of energy into [9.4 + AP / 630] additional damage. Damage is increased by your attack power.   1 point: 410-550 damage   2 points: 700-840 damage   3 points: 990-1130 damage   4 points: 1280-1420 damage   5 points: 1570-1710 damage

Now do the math. Currently, I have more than 4000 AP. I can’t check it from work, but let’s assume that it’s 4000.

9.4 + 4000/630 = 9.4 + 6.3 = 15.7 AP per energy

In the BEST scenario, when you use Ferocious Bite at full energy (LOL), you will receive:

(100 – 35) * 15.7 = 1020 AP

Let’s compare this change to what’s live right now. Assuming you are level 70 and using Ferocious Bite (Rank 6), let’s say that you use it after one tick of energy (so you have something like 50 energy).

Current tooltip, Rank 6: Finishing move that causes damage per combo point and converts each extra point of energy into 4.1 additional damage. Damage is increased by your attack power.

While this tooltip doesn’t describe how the damage is affected by Attack Power, readers at Druid Wikispaces have determined the formula to be:

Total Damage = (AP * 0.15) + (Energy Spent * 4.1) + CP Bonus Damage

At a maximum of 5 combo points, the average bonus damage will be 951.5. If we assume that 15 energy is left after the 35 energy cost is expended and use the average bonus damage from a 5-point FB, our formula will look like this:

(0.15 * 4000) + (15 * 4.1) + 951.5 = 1613 damage

Now let’s look at Rank 6 of the WotLK version of Ferocious Bite:

WotLK tooltip, Rank 6: Finishing move that causes damage per combo point and converts each extra point of energy into [3.4 + AP / 630] additional damage.

Note that this tooltip explicitly states how AP is factored into the total damage output; it appears that Ferocious Bite is being changed so that AP modifies the rate at which energy converts to damage rather than the base damage. If we assume that the formula is straightforward as it sounds, it looks like this:

Total Damage = (AP/630 + 3.4) * Energy Spent + CP Bonus Damage

Applying this revised formula with the same assumptions as above, we get:

(4000/630 + 3.4) * 15 + 951.5 = 1098 damage

Even if we assume Ferocious Bite is activated at 100 Energy (65 Energy consumed), the total damage drops from 1819 to 1586.

Please… correct my math. Because now I’m crying.

While I don’t have any experience with the Alpha-version of the ability myself, if we were to assume that the previous factor of AP * 0.15 is still factored into the total damage, this would actually be a buff since it would cause the ability to scale with AP in two ways. The formula would then look like this:

Total Damage = (AP * 0.15) + (AP/630 + 3.4) * Energy Spent + CP Bonus Damage

The total damage for the revised version of Ferocious Bite (Rank 6) would then be 1698 which is not only slightly higher than what we see now but also means the ability will scale better than it once did.

Ferocious Bite is getting a nice boost to crit (talented and only against a bleeder), and coupled with what could be much higher AP totals at 80 we may be an increase in the use of this ability. Is this right? Let us know, and I’ll be back soonish with another installment of "Why does it smell like wet bear over here?" Okay, I actually intend to take a gander at Dire Cat Form, but with my usual level of superb insight and amazing deductive skill… or something. Oh hell, I think we all know that if it doesn’t look like a ball of string or a river full of salmon, I’m lost.

See you then!

This St. Patty’s Day, why not celebrate your arboreal nature with a Resto4Life Tree Shirt? Now through March 12, U.S. residents can save 17% on all orders $25 or more with code MARCH39 (Canadian residents can use code CADMARCH39).

Mailbag: Fallacious Bite

I feel this is a topic worth reiterating because of a recent post by another blogger where she advocates not swapping weapons because:

You will get no benefit from switching, so don’t waste the money, the mats, or the bag space on keeping another enchanted weapon with you just for innervates.

The author goes on to give an example of a newly-minted 70 Priest in greens and dungeon blues who has 407 Intellect and 493 Spirit. She assumes this Priest won’t activate her Bangle of Endless Blessings and finds that the Priest gets back 9.3k mana — 800 more than the 8.5k mana she has. Her thought is that, after a certain gear level, Innervate refills your mana pool completely, making a weapon swap irrelevant. Even in this low level test case, the Priest is likely to spend the 800 “excess” of mana during the 20 seconds that she’s under the effects of Innervate. When you take into account the number of spells she’s likely to cast, this character actually won’t see a full mana bar at the end of her Innervate.

This assumes the player doesn’t activate her [Bangle of Endless Blessings], despite having it equipped. Were she to do so, she would get back 12k mana instead of the 9.3k she’s getting. Blowing through 3k mana is more difficult than 800, but even if we assume that she uses 2k of it, there’s still a 1k mana surplus that’s just going to poof into the Nether. But what if she were to consider an Intellect-based weapon swap? This is probably more relevant at a higher gear level than the test case above. The character’s gear is mostly blues and greens, so she likely wouldn’t have access to an alternate, high-Intellect weapon (or she’d need to use it for her main weapon).

To make this example more practical, let’s assume that the character can at least run Heroic Magister’s Terrace (prior to that, I can’t imagine she’d be likely to find herself in a situation where she might receive an Innervate). Let’s further assume that the character has two [Rod of the Blazing Light], a non-unique staff that drops from Vexallus. If she gems and enchants the first as her main weapon and the second to make it an Intellect weapon, she stands to gain 59.4 Intellect from swapping (with Blessing of Kings). If she’s gemmed for pure +Healing, this would be at a loss of 135 +Healing. During an Innervate, this 59.4 additional Intellect would expand her mana pool by 891 mana. This is approximately a 10% increase over the mana pool in the test case, even if we factor in the improved weapon. The 135 +Healing lost equates to the loss of 127 HP on a Rank 7 Greater Heal which, assuming a weapon swap, is free to cast.

Were she to use an addon like Caster Weapon Swapper to set the Intellect weapon as her “High Mana” option, she’d probably only expect to be swapped to that weapon for 5 seconds or so. Thus the comparison is a simple 891 MP5 vs. 135 +Healing. The additional mana afforded becomes more pronounced the better selection of weapons you have access to, though at a 15k mana pool, you’re more likely to see a return more along the lines of 5-7%.

Finally, I’d like to share a quote from well known Priest blogger Matticus from his article, Caster Weapon Swapper: An Essential Addon for Spellsurge Users:

High Mana Set
Weapon you have equipped coming into an encounter of some sort. If you want to seriously push yourself and excel, this is a kind of weapon which has a ton of intellect on it. Higher intellect means larger initial mana pool.

Essentially, if it’s a good idea to start a fight with a high Intellect weapon — for the temporary boost to your mana pool — then it must be true that you would do the same if you’re getting a new mana bar (as you do with Innervate).

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Innervate: Good to the Last Drop!

Mana Regen Calculator by Andrige

I’m happy to announce that the Mana Regeneration Calculator has been updated specifically for Arcane Mages, including the effects of Mage Armor, Arcane Meditation, and Evocation. Additionally, I’ve added a selector for Mana Tide Totem since they essentially operate the same way that Evocation does (a percentage-based mana restore). Finally, please note that I’ve added a class selector near the top of the page. The relevant class options are displayed when you select from Druid, Priest, or Mage.

Also, thanks to Andrige for lending his artistic efforts toward a new logo for the Mana Regeneration Calculator! He illustrated the gorgeous mana potion bottle at right. Thank you!

This St. Patty’s Day, why not celebrate your arboreal nature with a Resto4Life Tree Shirt? Now through March 12, U.S. residents can save 17% on all orders $25 or more with code MARCH39 (Canadian residents can use code CADMARCH39).

Mana Regen Calculator Updated